Frequency Units Conversion Calculator

Convert between hertz, kilohertz, megahertz and gigahertz instantly.
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Convert Frequency

1 GHz = 1,000 MHz = 1,000,000 kHz = 1,000,000,000 Hz
50 Hz (mains, India/EU)
2.4 GHz (WiFi)
100 MHz (FM radio)
Enter a value and press Convert.

Where Common Frequencies Sit (log scale)

Frequency Units, From Mains Power to Microwaves

Frequency (measured in hertz, Hz — cycles per second) spans an enormous range in electronics: from the 50/60 Hz AC power grid, through kilohertz-range switching power supplies and audio, into the megahertz range used by radio broadcasting and many microcontroller clocks, up to the gigahertz range used by WiFi, Bluetooth, and cellular signals.

UnitSymbolValue in HzTypical use
HertzHz1Mains power (50/60 Hz), low-frequency signals
KilohertzkHz10³Switching power supplies, AM radio, audio
MegahertzMHz10⁶FM radio, microcontroller clocks, VHF/UHF
GigahertzGHz10⁹WiFi, Bluetooth, cellular, radar

Real-World Applications & Fully-Explained Examples

Worked examples — explained in full

1. 50 Hz mains frequency to kHz. 50/1000=0.05 kHz.
2. 2.4 GHz WiFi band to MHz. 2.4×1000=2400 MHz.
3. 100 MHz FM radio to Hz. 100×1,000,000=100,000,000 Hz.
4. 16 MHz Arduino clock to kHz. 16×1000=16,000 kHz.
5. 500 kHz switching converter frequency to MHz. 500/1000=0.5 MHz.
6. 5 GHz WiFi band compared to 2.4 GHz. 5/2.4≈2.08× the frequency — the 5 GHz band offers more channel bandwidth but shorter range/penetration than 2.4 GHz for the same transmit power.

Converting Between Hertz and Revolutions per Minute

Rotational speed is quoted in revolutions per minute while frequency is in cycles per second, and since a minute is 60 seconds the conversion is simply rpm = Hz × 60 and Hz = rpm / 60. A shaft turning at 3,000 rpm is rotating at 50 Hz.

The trap: electrical frequency is not mechanical speed

For an AC motor the two are only equal on a two-pole machine. The synchronous speed of an induction or synchronous motor is

ns = 120 × f / P   (rpm)

where f is the supply frequency in hertz and P the number of poles. On a 50 Hz supply, a 2-pole motor runs at 3,000 rpm, a 4-pole at 1,500 rpm, and a 6-pole at 1,000 rpm. An induction motor then slips a few percent below this, so a nominal 4-pole 50 Hz machine is typically labelled around 1,440 rpm rather than 1,500.

This is exactly why a variable-frequency drive controls speed by changing frequency: the mechanical speed follows the electrical frequency in fixed proportion set by the pole count.

Poles50 Hz synchronous60 Hz synchronous
23,000 rpm3,600 rpm
41,500 rpm1,800 rpm
61,000 rpm1,200 rpm
8750 rpm900 rpm

Frequently Asked Questions

How do I convert Hz to kHz?

Divide by 1000: e.g. 50,000 Hz = 50 kHz.

How do I convert MHz to GHz?

Divide by 1000: e.g. 2400 MHz = 2.4 GHz.

What frequency is mains power in India and most of the world?

50 Hz is standard in India, most of Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. North America, parts of South America, and a few other regions use 60 Hz instead.

What frequency does WiFi use?

The two most common WiFi bands are 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz; newer WiFi 6E adds a 6 GHz band. Each offers different tradeoffs between range/penetration (better at lower frequency) and available bandwidth/speed (better at higher frequency).

What is a typical microcontroller clock speed?

Common values range from a few MHz for low-power microcontrollers up to several hundred MHz for more powerful ones; classic Arduino boards typically run at 16 MHz, while modern ARM-based boards often run at 48-480 MHz or higher.

Why do switching power supplies specify frequency in kHz?

Higher switching frequency (typically tens of kHz to a few MHz) allows smaller inductors and capacitors in the converter, reducing size and cost, at the tradeoff of higher switching losses — see the Switching Loss calculator for that tradeoff in detail.

What is the relationship between frequency and period?

They are reciprocals: f=1/T. A 50 Hz signal has a period of 1/50=0.02 seconds (20 milliseconds) — see the Frequency & Period calculator for this specific conversion.

How precise should frequency conversions be for RF work?

RF and wireless applications often require very precise frequency values (sometimes to the Hz level even at GHz frequencies) due to tight regulatory channel allocations, so always use the full precision your application demands rather than rounding prematurely.

What frequency range does audio cover?

Human hearing is roughly 20 Hz to 20 kHz, which is why audio equipment specifications are usually given directly in Hz and kHz rather than needing MHz or GHz.

Does higher frequency always mean more data/bandwidth?

Generally yes in wireless systems — higher-frequency bands typically have more available spectrum bandwidth for a given percentage allocation, allowing higher data rates, though at the cost of reduced range and worse penetration through obstacles compared to lower frequencies at the same power.

How do I convert Hz to rpm?

Multiply by 60, since rpm counts revolutions per minute and hertz counts cycles per second. 50 Hz equals 3,000 rpm. For an AC motor, however, use n = 120f/P, because the shaft speed also depends on the pole count.

Why does a 50 Hz motor not run at 3,000 rpm?

Only a two-pole machine does. Synchronous speed is 120f/P, so a four-pole motor runs at 1,500 rpm. An induction motor also slips a few percent below synchronous speed under load, which is why nameplates read values like 1,440 rpm.

What is the difference between Hz and angular frequency?

Hertz counts complete cycles per second; angular frequency ω measures the same rate in radians per second, with ω = 2πf. AC reactance formulas use ω rather than f.

Why is mains 50 Hz in some countries and 60 Hz in others?

It is a historical standardisation split rather than a technical optimum. The practical consequence is that the same motor runs 20% faster on 60 Hz, and a transformer designed for 60 Hz sees more flux per volt-second at 50 Hz, pushing its core closer to saturation.

What frequency ranges matter in power electronics?

Mains is 50–60 Hz, audio spans roughly 20 Hz to 20 kHz, switch-mode converters typically run from 20 kHz to a few megahertz, and gate-drive and EMI concerns extend into the tens of megahertz.

Is kHz the same as kbps?

No. Kilohertz measures cycles per second; kilobits per second measures data rate. They are related through the encoding scheme but are not interchangeable units.

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